Cannibal is Real ( Real Cannibal)

Cannibalism is thought to have spread in primitive societies around the world, including Central and West Africa, Melanesia (including Indonesia), Polynesian, Indian tribes in North and South America, Aborigines in Australia, and Maori in New Zealand.

Christoprus in 1492 Columbus discovered the Caribbean islands. And half-naked natives turned out to be cannibals! For Europeans at that time, cannibals is a very dangerous creature. This is the origin of the massacre and exploitation.

Ethnic origin of South America who live around Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina, named Tupinamba, has a habit of eating a prisoner of war as an act of revenge for the family who died in battle. Such practice is known as Endokanibalisme. Custom is still carried out until the early 17th century. After the entry of Europeans, especially Spain, the interest is then disappears. Some migrate and assimilate with the rest of Brazilian society.

In the United States found traces of cannibalism committed by Anasazis, an ancient Indian tribe that disappeared 1,300 years ago. There was found dust and bone fragments, traces of flaking scalp, mutilation, burns, and roasting human flesh above the pot.

The Aztecs did cannibalism in religious rituals. Initially, the victims were prisoners of war, but then propagate all the members of the tribe itself. Allegedly, as a punishment for crime has been committed by members of the tribe.

Dayak tribe, in addition to collecting the skulls that have been turned down, it also takes heart of its war victims. This custom is called ngayau.

While the tribe in Papua New Guinea Kapau eat the liver and right biceps nemesis.

Other ethnicities in Papua, Fore, consumes the human brain has died. From this initial spread of the disease kuru. Kuru is a nerve degeneration disease that causes sufferers trembling, loss of muscle coordination, until finally unable to sit without assistance and difficulty swallowing. Diseases caused by these viruses can be transmitted only if the brains of people eaten by another human being.

Kuru is found in the early 1900s and peaked in the 60's. Between the years 1957-1968, 1,100 members of the Fore tribe died of kuru. The number of women infected with the disease is eight times more than men. Expected, the cause because the women who served for cooking food. However, along with the abandonment of the practices of cannibalism, kuru disease almost no longer found.

We may think of cannibalism practiced by the great mbah still primitive. In fact, modern humans did the same. In the tragedy of a plane crash in the Andes in 1972, 16 survivors were forced to eat meat 29 other passengers who have died. The passengers from Uruguay must survive for 72 days before reached by rescue teams.

Instinct for survival does not change from age to age. However, you need not try to do it if not forced. Not to be powerful, even-even get sick.

Commander of the Bird ( Pangkalima Burung)

In the Dayak people, believed to exist there is a creature which was mentioned very great, magic, knights, and authoritative. The figure is said to inhabit the mountains in the interior of Borneo, in contact with the supernatural. Spiritual leaders, warlords, teachers, and elders are honored. Dayak is pangkalima war, Pangkalima Bird, called Pangkalima by inland Dayak people. There are countless versions of the story about this figure, especially after his name sticking out during the riots of Sambas and Sampit.

Someone mentioned he had lived for hundreds of years and lived on the border between West Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan. There is also news about Bird Pangkalima tangible occult and can be shaped male or female depending on the situation. Also on the figure of a bird Pangkalima Dayak community leaders who have gone, but his spirit may be invited to communicate through a ritual. Until the story says he was an incarnation of the hornbill, a bird considered sacred and holy in Borneo.

In addition to the many versions of the story, across Borneo there are also many people who claim to be Pangkalima Bird, either in Tarakan, Sampit, or Pontianak. But any claim that only believed in three different ways: some believe, some do not believe, and there is a hesitation. There has been no authentic evidence to make sure one of them is really true Pangkalima Bird.

There are so many outstanding issues and stories, but there is one version which I think is very suitable to describe what and who it Pengkalima Bird. He is a figure depicting the Dayak people in general. Pangkalima Birds are symbolic of the Dayaks. Whether it's nature, his actions, and everything about him.

Then how is a Pangkalima bird, how could he represent the Dayak? In addition to powerful and invulnerable, Pangkalima Bird also is a figure of calm, quiet, patient, and do not like making trouble. This is consistent with the typical Dayak people who are also friendly and patient, sometimes even shy. Quite difficult to persuade people to want to be photographed inland Dayak, sometimes had to deliver compensation in the form of clove cigarettes.

And the reality on the ground breaking all the stereotypes of the Dayak as a cruel, vicious, and violent. In social life, the Dayak people can be fairly shy, still receive newcomers with good, and always maintain the integrity of both religious heritage and rituals. As Pengkalima birds inhabit the patient and remain calm inland Dayak community too much to give in when loggers and gold miners into their territory. Although still firmly holds the teachings of the ancestors, there was never any conflict when members of society are turning to the religions brought by immigrants. Boisterous no tension in the room turned into a scope-that the person called Danum Dayak Ngaju Kaharingan yet.

Simplicity was identical with the figure Pangkalima Bird. Although an eminent figure, he does not reside in a palace or a luxury building. He was hiding and meditated in the mountains and with nature. Inland Dayak community has never concerned with the nominal value of money. The newcomers could easily berbarter goods such as coffee, salt, or cigarettes with them.

Bird told Pangkalima rarely manifest itself, because it is not like the show of strength. Likewise the Dayaks, who are not haphazardly into the city carrying a saber, chopsticks, or arrows. These weapons are generally used for hunting in the forest, and the saber is not released from tainted (sarongs) if no subject is important or urgent.

So where is the culture of violence and fury of the Dayaks who was widely discussed, and feared it? There is one case Pangkalima Bird down the mountain, that is, when after continuous patient and his patience was exhausted. Pangkalima bird indeed a very patient person, but if the limits of his patience had crossed the line, the case will be different. It will become a pemurka. This is really a perfect depiction of the Dayak people are friendly, shy, and the patient, but will be turned into a very vicious and cruel if it is his patience has run out.

Pangkalima Birds wrath will soon go down the mountain and gather his forces. Ritual-which in the West Kalimankan called Red bowl-made to collect from saentero Borneo Dayak warriors. Bersahut war dances-replication, saber firmly attached at the waist. Those people who had been an excellent would look creepy. The smile on her face disappeared, replaced by malignant eyes like hypnotized. They are ready to fight, mengayau-cut and bring the enemy's head. This is what happened in the town of Sampit few years ago, when the decapitation occurs everywhere in almost every corner of the city.

Though cruel and ferocious in anger, as well as Bird Pengkalima Dayak people still cling to the norms and rules which they believe. Among others, it does not pollute the sanctity of places of worship of any religion-with-damaging or killing in it. Because violence in the Dayak community are placed as the last option, when patience was exhausted and could no longer be a peaceful road taken, it is in their point of view. Murder, and activities mengayau, in their little hearts could not be done, but because it pushed to the last option and to change what they think is wrong, it should be done. This is the actual culture of violence is to be feared. Mystique is very identical to the Dayaks. Vicious and cruel stereotypes still attached. It was not all good, because there are many shortcomings and mistakes. What's more violence, whatever the form and reason-whether it be revenge, economic, social inequality, and others-still can not be justified. An eye for an eye will only lead to blindness for all. Apart from all kinds of legends and myths, or whether the real figures, Pangkalima Bird for me is a symbol of the true figure of the Dayak people.

Life of The Dayak

This tribe is holding fast to honor ancestors, loyal friend, honest and tolerant. Their oneness of nature around is the result of belief in the magical world.

Anyone can not deny the ability of the human mind is very powerful Dayak. This is the result of human intimacy Dayak with itself and its environment and processed with the behavior of real action: defending the dignity of humanity and the natural surroundings with silent and symbolic way.

One of the traditional chief of inland Dayak Ethnic tells how he got the science of magic, so he has a number of advantages not possessed by other human beings. One of the important messages and so deep is what is usually heard by spiritualists in Java that is the ethos of the so-called mesu mind, - of Fiber Wedatama. That means relying on inner strength and not rely on the grandeur of the world. That FELLOW HUMAN NEVER SEEN THE VALUE OF THE PROPERTY THAT HE HAVE, BUT FROM WHAT HE HAS TO DO THE HUMAN AND NATURAL SURROUNDING.

"In an age increasingly dilapidated as it is today, should not only pursue the world. Look at all the great men who died, not known for luxury vehicles he owned, the house that he had, but because the work he had made during his life, "he said.

One man believed to be indigenous Dayak is considered taboo to cut down trees around the area, causing various terms of customary or sacred forests known since the time of their ancestors. Unfortunately, there are still many elements that blindly logging only for personal use without thinking of consequences arising from such actions.

Not a bit of forest area claimed the local Dayak community as indigenous forests, areas used as illegal logging. Again unfortunately, the local Dayak community to bite the fingers against the loggers who have actually done abstinence customs and deserved punishment, both positive and customary law. They can not do much to see it. In addition to being a good audience they are more silent, due to limited knowledge. While officials are supposed to be protective for precisely the bandwagon loot the result of illegal logging. And all this time, if the Dayak people must do the logging to clear land or raw materials used to make the house, before doing a traditional ceremony with a variety of offerings.

That's why when there is severe damage to forests in Borneo, Dayak people are very restless and relentless protest. One of the protest took the form of a joint statement rejected the destruction of forests. For example the protest launched by Forum Kampung Punan Dayak Hulu Kelay comprising Suluy Kampung Long, Long Lamcin, Lamjan Long, Long complained, Long Duhung, and Kampung Long Beliu Berau District. They provide a statement:

That: forests, water, river, tree fruit, honey trees, medicinal plants, game, rattan, gold and other natural resources is a place to live and the source of our life and we must guard it to ensure that natural resources, will

continue to exist and is available as a mandate for our predecessors and our lives now and lives of our future generations in the future, we hereby convey our statement to all parties:

1. Rejecting the mining of natural resources, especially gold mining using machine tools and substances that are harmful, except in traditional (tray) as taught by our old man is hereditary.

2. Not accept any form of large estates, which are widely open forests and natural resources as a place to spend our livelihood and life.

3. Reject all forms of illegal logging activities carried out by anyone and in any form.

4. Reject all forms of hunting protected animals that are protected both customary law and protected by positive law, except that no stars hunting protected for the needs of our life is limited

5. Requested on all parties to recognize and respect the rights of the indigenous communities in the management and utilization of natural resources

6. Ask all the people living upriver village kampong-kelay, to jointly maintain and retain all the sources of our life.

This statement is a serious message from among the Dayak community that had been despised, humiliated, in dumb-dumb's and is considered a "tribal" or "primitive." If we understand the Dayak culture, then the resurrection not to be silent about this environmental damage can be drawn that dragon who lives in the depths of the river has surfaced and slammed waves a giant tail.

In the repertoire of Dayak culture, people must believe in the concept of life or death: "RENGAN Tingang NYANAK JATA" (child hornbills, the sons of the dragon), which is symbolized by the hornbills and the dragon (guns) around the island of Borneo, not human aggressive. But if diagresi many times in various forms, they will take the fight "Isen MULANG" which means "not coming home if you do not win". Physically read the "gusto" (cries of war) or "Lawung bahandang" (red headband) and the "bowl of red".

Dayak action is only performed when they reached the limit of patience, if they keep the earth and destroyed, if the "oath of cut cane" and similar ceremonies are performed and continuously violated. Though true, including the Dayak people quiet and talkative man with sign language, eye contact and observation as well as look at the word by the presence of a strong tradition of incantation among their communities. Charm is the only word and action, belief in the meaning of the word.

Human Dayak highest known substance that creates the world and everything in it. It was implied in the customs, myths about the universe and human events that show the connections between humans and other creatures and the natural surrounding environment. Confidence in the highest substance or God is written in their belief in the existence of the inner world (inner world) who has magical powers that control the universe. Various names such inner knowledge among Dayak people: Parang-maya, Pipit Berunai, tumbak Gahan, Awoh, Kiwang, Kibang, Pakihang, Panikam Heart, and Petak Malai, and Pantak.

In mythology, Dayak people familiar with the four levels of the gods as natural forces are high. They are:

(1) Nek PANITAH. Nek Panitah is the supreme deity. He lives with his wife named Nek Duniang. Children's Nek Panitah by Ne 'Duniang named Baruakng boil. Panitah = command.

(2) JUBATA. Jubata spirits are good. A lot of them. Every river, mountain, forest, hills have jubata. Most important is the hill bawakng jubata. What 'Manto Ari is the king of the hill bawakng.

(3) Kamang. Kamang is the ancestral spirits of the Dayak people. He was dressed in a loincloth and a red kerchief and white played together (tangkulas). It's also clothing from head-hunters when they came back with results. Kamang clever look, smell and blood food. This is evident from the ceremonies. Blood for Kamang and yellow rice for jubata. Kamang Kamang tariu and 7 siblings. Kamang tariu is is Kamang Nyado and Kamang Lejak. While Kamang 7 siblings are Bujakng Nyangko (the oldest) lives on the Mount samabue, Bujakng Pabaras, Saikng Sampit, Sasak Barinas, Gagar Reed, Reed Wilt 'and Kamang Youngest (of Santulangan). Bujakng Kamang Nyangko is good. While others are sometimes good and sometimes bad. Saikng Sampit, Sasak Barinas, Gagar Tubes and Tubes Withered 'is Kamang are often not happy at the time and cause illness and death. Kamang Tariu with 7 brothers is the patron of the hunters.

(4) Antu. Number of enthusiasm (ghost) lot. In a sense, they are more or less the soul of the dead. Antu always cause disease in humans, animals and plants. Antu smallpox cause disease in humans. Antu apat cause rice diseases and enthusiasm led to many rats handing over the fields to eat rice.

Belief in supernatural beings fourth level is what gave birth to the principles of their lives, namely:

(1) PAMA. Pama means force that brings profits. Pama only owned by large and well-hunters were successful. They have Pama because they have a relationship considered above, with jubata. If people who have died Pama, Pama kepantak move that ultimately placed dipadagi. Pama word itself comes from Sanskrit language = example, means the picture. Pantak is a picture of someone who has Pama at the time of her life.

(2) LIFE. Dayak people know there are 7 people. Namely:

LIFE. Only humans and animals have life. Lives lost time of death.

SUMANGAT. Not only humans have sumangat, but also animals, plants and objects. It can be seen from the offering of prayers that always end with a call back sumangat humans, rice, pork, chicken, rice, gold, silver and all belong to the house. Sumangat easily out of place. If surprised, after a dangerous act which was accompanied by fear, after bathing the child (hazard sumangat missing children along with water). After delivery were also held ceremonies Nyaru 'sumangat. A simple way to call back sumangat: kurrr .... A 'sumangat. Dream caused by sumangat, therefore sumangat running. If we call someone's name, sumangatnya definitely come with us and we will meet with the spirit of that person in a dream. Sumangat place in the body. Sumangat returned in the body by shamans baliatn through the left ear. After the man died, sumangatnya not be pidara, but went to subayatn. Sumangat of the people who made pantak go where pantak and joined Kamang.

AYU. Beautiful place is behind the body. If you go ayu, ayu dipermulaan returned back (ka 'pungka' balikakng), below the neck. Ayu protect humans from behind. Diseases caused by loss / departure of ayu is much worse than the disease disebebkan by sumangat departure. It said "beautiful prison" or rongko '(ill ayu). After people die, ayu be pidara and remain with the agency. There is a close relationship between the ghost ayu. Ayu also called ghost.

Measures of. In the prayer is always said to be "measures of self-nang panyakng satingi '" means measures of our own high as long. The first measures of pointing to one part of the human body, starting from the top of the head through the brain to the spinal cord. The disease can be caused by a lack of measures of.

Bohol. Bohol is anatomically the belly line from the breastbone to the center or a more specific place under a pulsed sternum. Less Bohol or Bohol is not straight is the sala of the causes of disease. " minus measures of nang Manyak, Bohol distance shortage recalled" the shaman said cause disease patients. Diseases due to lack of Bohol particularly experienced by young children. From a difficult birth wnaita said to be "grabbed Bohol child" means a baby boy tilted Bohol. Shaman baliatn clever seek missing Bohol.

LEO BANGKULE. Leo Bangkule means the heart, liver, lungs or all of the organs in the human stomach. In prayer, leo bangkule often invited back. Together with leo bangkule always said: life rope or cord or rope danatn dane. For humans, the rope's life means the digestive tract.

NENET SANJADI. Nenet Sanjadi also called the respiratory tract (string sting), the beginning of the string starting from karukok (esophagus).

Dayak human life holds five principles established by custom, namely: PLEASE HELP TO LIVE, LIVE TO MAINTAINING SECURITY AND THE VILLAGE PEOPLE, NOT ALLOWED ON CHEATING, CHEATING, BE HONEST AND FAIR, AND MUST LIVE quarter blood. For these offenders five customary oath, then the penalty will apply customary for men

In summary, Human Dayak sure that there are two scope of nature, the real nature of life and the lives of virtual nature. In the nature of real life is not living creatures, plants, animals and humans. While residing in virtual realms such as: Ibalis, bunyi'an, enthusiasm, sumangat urang dead, and Jubata (God).

Both of these realms can be mutual influence upon one another. Supernatural powers possessed by humans is one example of the result mentioned above. To maintain a balance between the real nature of life and the lives of virtual nature, as well as for managing all aspects of the lives of its citizens, mutual relations among its citizens, the relationship with the natural environment of its citizens, as well as creator / Jubata order to remain compatible and harmonious, the ancestors of the ancestors they have devised in a wise and prudent provisions, the rules must be obeyed and made pengangan life for all citizens and residents of the offspring from generation to generation until now.

Dayak in routine human life can not be separated from their traditional religious practices which were inherited by his ancestors, especially in its interaction with the natural environment. they believe that in an effort to get the fortune, health and safety in this life does not only rely on hard work alone, but also on expectations for an intervention from the "what" they believe.

It can be seen from every ritual player delivered by penyangohotn (priest):

"Unang BUKOTNNYO I-I-MAROMPOKNG MANTABOK CUSTOMARY RULES ANYIAN, IO INURUNAN AMPET I NE 'UNTE' I KAIMANTOTN, NE 'ANCINO I TANYUKNG Bunge, NE' SARUKNG I SAMPURO, NE 'RAPEK I ​​SAMPERO', NE 'SAI I SABAKO' , NE 'RAMOTN I SAA'U, NE' RANYOH I GANTEKNG SIOKNG. ANGKOWOLAH ANGKENYO MAKE OUR CHILDREN PARUCU'E IO-KAMANINGOR TINGOR BYE, BYE BYE PAHIYAK GOEHOTN WE IHANE. "

This rule is not customary and solely the result of engineering, but he is descended from them (the ancestors) who named Nek Unte 'which tingggal in kaimantotn, Nek Bancino (ancestors of the ethnic Chinese) in Tanyukng Bunge, in the hills sampuro Sarukng Nek, Nek Rapek in the river Sapero ', Nek Sabako Sai on the hill', on the hill saba'u Ramotn Nek Nek Ranyoh in Gantekng Siokng. Because of that generation to use it inherited from generation to demand our lives.

In customary contained all the rules, norms and ethics that govern the human correlation to humans, humans with elements of non-human in this life system. Traditional doctrine of (ethics) environment governing the correlation between man and nature is based on the worldview contained in the myth-myth.

Dayak humans understand the universe (cosmos) as a form of coexistence between humans and non-human nature beyond the Jubato (gods) and Awo Pamo (the ancestors) in Subayotn. Forms of life that is a system whose elements consist of elements of human nature and human nature are mutually non-correlated. The system of life itself is a human environment in which humans live in harmony and correlated and balanced with other elements that are not human. Harmonious and balanced relationships in living systems built by humans through religious practices.

Humans as part of the natural elements in nature, for example, air, water, and other substances in itself. Humans are a microcosm (part of the system of the universe (cosmos) and every element in the system that each have values ​​and functions that support each other in a harmonious and balanced.

Nature communicates with humans, among others, by the signs given. In contrast with the natural form of human communication through praxis (action and unconscious) and religious practices. Some examples of forms of human understanding as part of the correlated nature of, for example, death is understood as the event's return and the merging of the human body with the natural world (Taino) and stings or ayu (life) with Subayotn.

When people would leave the world, nature mnusia communicate in the form of signs in the form of sound from a kind of natural creatures called Tirantokng. The sound was like the sound of a large machete compete with wood base occurred at night between 10:00 to 12:00. This sign means that the ghost had been cut up bodies that person to death. People soon learned that in a few days there will be a death in the village or surrounding villages.

When that person will last breath (NGOOH), the night before the sound of boisterous creatures in the jungle night sounds highly irregular. This event can be experienced by those who wait for durian or hunting at night (NERENG). People interpret that nature cheers greet the arrival of humans who will reunite with him. No cleaning habits and menyembahyangi in comunnity life Dayak. Trees and shrubs allowed to grow thick around the cemetery. Community are afraid to clean it because the human spirit that buried it will be angry and hurt.

The bodies were buried without a headstone. The series of events in his life experienced the death of the Dayak community to conclude that it is really PEOPLE HAVE BEEN BACK AND BLEND WITH NATURE BECAUSE HE REALLY COME FROM NATURE. PEOPLE ARE ALREADY MOMO '(DIED THE WORLD) THAT REALLY HAS BACK TO BINUO (PLACE) origin.

In addition to bonding to the other creatures that are not visible, Humans also need to cooperate closely with the animals as fellow beings of God's creation. There is therefore one of the Dayak Dayak tribe Ngaju placing the animals in a special place, among others:

a. Tingang bird is a symbol of fame and glory.

b. Antang bird (eagle) is a symbol of courage, ingenuity and ability to provide good clues bad luck. In the ritual "thereof" or the "menajah antang" to know "Dahiang-Baya ', then the birds Antang used as a mediator.

c. Birds are believed to provide clues for Bakaka fish finders are getting a lot of fish or not. Likewise, a pioneering bird.

d. Bird Kalajajau / Kajajau (Magpie) is considered as the bird belongs to god. Treating birds Kalajajau / Kajajau (Magpie) by arbitrarily be disastrous.

e. Bird Tabalului, Kangkamiak and kulang-skin as a group of owls is believed to be the devil bird.

f. Bird Machine is able to provide information that no longer natural surface river water will overflow or flooding.

g. Tambun (big snake / serpent) symbolizes wisdom, policy tools, and strength.

h. Crocodiles are often seen as natural beings penjelma down (weapon).

i. Angui (Chameleon) believed to be the embodiment of his youngest Ranying Hatala sky.

Although the animals are creatures of God's creation with a lower degree than in humans, but humans must maintain a balance of the population so that the balance of nature is maintained. In the Dayak community life, customs forbid anyone mistreat animals. Conversely customary also forbids people to have relationships with animals or fucked by animals. If that happens then the person is a man cursed.

So little description of the mystical world of Dayak culture. This paper is only as entrance needs to be followed up with a variety of research considering the Dayak tribes spread throughout much of the vast island of Borneo. Spiritual and mystical culture of wealth in our country are extraordinary and should be preserved, protected and developed.